Laravel 队列指南

1. 创建任务

class ProcessArticleImages implements ShouldQueue
{
    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithQueue, Queueable, SerializesModels;

    public int $tries = 3;
    public int $timeout = 120;

    public function __construct(private readonly Article $article) {}

    public function handle(ImageProcessor $processor): void
    {
        foreach ($this->article->getRawImages() as $image) {
            $processor->resize($image, 1200);
        }
        $this->article->update(['images_processed' => true]);
    }

    public function failed(\Throwable $e): void
    {
        \Log::error("图片处理失败，文章 {$this->article->id}", ['error' => $e->getMessage()]);
    }
}

2. 派发任务

// 立即派发
ProcessArticleImages::dispatch($article);

// 延迟派发
ProcessArticleImages::dispatch($article)->delay(now()->addMinutes(10));

// 指定队列
ProcessArticleImages::dispatch($article)->onQueue('media');

// 数据库提交后派发（避免竞态条件）
ProcessArticleImages::dispatch($article)->afterCommit();

// 链式任务
ProcessArticleImages::dispatch($article)->chain([
    new GenerateThumbnails($article),
    new NotifySubscribers($article),
]);

3. Worker 命令

# 启动 worker
php artisan queue:work redis --queue=media,default --tries=3

# 处理单个任务后退出
php artisan queue:work --once

# 失败任务管理
php artisan queue:failed
php artisan queue:retry all
php artisan queue:flush

4. 队列驱动对比