HTTP安全头配置
必备安全响应头
| 响应头 | 防护 | 优先级 |
|---|---|---|
| Content-Security-Policy | XSS, 数据注入 | 高 |
| Strict-Transport-Security | HTTP降级、中间人攻击 | 高 |
| X-Frame-Options | 点击劫持 | 高 |
| X-Content-Type-Options | MIME类型嗅探 | 高 |
| Referrer-Policy | Referrer信息泄露 | 中 |
| Permissions-Policy | 浏览器功能滥用 | 中 |
| Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy | Spectre, XS-Leaks | 中 |
Nginx配置示例
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload" always; add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always; add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always; add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always; add_header Permissions-Policy "camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=(self)" always; add_header Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy "same-origin" always; # Content Security Policy (customize for your site) add_header Content-Security-Policy " default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'nonce-RANDOM' https://cdn.trusted.com; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://fonts.googleapis.com; font-src 'self' https://fonts.gstatic.com; img-src 'self' data: https:; connect-src 'self' https://api.example.com; frame-ancestors 'none'; base-uri 'self'; form-action 'self'; " always;
CSP指令参考
| 指令 | 控制 | 常用值 |
|---|---|---|
| default-src | 所有资源回退 | 'self' |
| script-src | JavaScript | 'self' 'nonce-xxx' |
| style-src | CSS | 'self' 'unsafe-inline' |
| img-src | 图片 | 'self' data: https: |
| connect-src | fetch/XHR/WebSocket | 'self' https://api.com |
| frame-ancestors | 谁可嵌入 | 'none' or 'self' |