OpenClaw 恢复 Skill

从备份文件一键恢复 OpenClaw 数据，支持加密和未加密备份。

使用场景

核心脚本

1. 恢复脚本（未加密备份）

位置：scripts/restore.sh

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
    echo "用法: $0 /path/to/openclaw_backup_xxx.tar.gz"
    exit 1
fi

ARCHIVE="$1"
RESTORE_TMP="/tmp/openclaw_restore_$(date +"%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")"

if [ ! -f "$ARCHIVE" ]; then
    echo "❌ 备份文件不存在: $ARCHIVE"
    exit 1
fi

# 验证校验文件
if [ -f "$ARCHIVE.sha256" ]; then
    echo "🔐 验证备份完整性..."
    if ! shasum -c "$ARCHIVE.sha256"; then
        echo "❌ 校验失败！备份文件可能已损坏。"
        echo "是否仍要继续？[y/N]"
        read -p "> " CONFIRM
        if [ "$CONFIRM" != "y" ] && [ "$CONFIRM" != "Y" ]; then
            exit 1
        fi
    fi
    echo "✓ 校验通过"
fi

mkdir -p "$RESTORE_TMP"

echo "📦 解压备份文件..."
tar -xzf "$ARCHIVE" -C "$RESTORE_TMP"

echo "🐈‍⬛ 开始恢复..."

# 停止OpenClaw
if command -v openclaw >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "⏸  停止 OpenClaw 网关..."
    openclaw gateway stop 2>/dev/null || true
    sleep 2
fi

# 备份当前数据（以防万一）
if [ -d "$HOME/.openclaw" ]; then
    BACKUP_OLD="$HOME/.openclaw.backup.$(date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")"
    echo "💾 备份当前数据到: $BACKUP_OLD"
    mv "$HOME/.openclaw" "$BACKUP_OLD"
fi

# 恢复
if [ -d "$RESTORE_TMP/.openclaw" ]; then
    cp -a "$RESTORE_TMP/.openclaw" "$HOME/"
    echo "✓ 已恢复: ~/.openclaw"
fi

if [ -d "$RESTORE_TMP/.clawdbot" ]; then
    cp -a "$RESTORE_TMP/.clawdbot" "$HOME/"
    echo "✓ 已恢复: ~/.clawdbot"
fi

rm -rf "$RESTORE_TMP"

# 修复检查
if command -v openclaw >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "🔧 执行修复检查..."
    openclaw doctor || true
    echo "▶️  重启 OpenClaw 网关..."
    openclaw gateway restart || true
    sleep 3
    openclaw status || true
fi

echo ""
echo "✅ 恢复完成！"
echo ""
echo "建议立即测试："
echo "1. OpenClaw 是否能正常启动"
echo "2. 记忆是否还在"
echo "3. 渠道登录状态是否保留"
echo "4. API 配置是否正常"
echo ""
if [ -n "${BACKUP_OLD:-}" ]; then
    echo "旧数据已备份到: $BACKUP_OLD"
    echo "确认恢复成功后可删除: rm -rf $BACKUP_OLD"
fi

2. 恢复加密备份

位置：scripts/restore_encrypted.sh

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail

if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
    echo "用法: $0 /path/to/openclaw_backup_xxx.tar.gz.enc"
    exit 1
fi

ENCRYPTED_ARCHIVE="$1"
RESTORE_TMP="/tmp/openclaw_restore_$(date +"%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")"
DECRYPTED_ARCHIVE="$RESTORE_TMP/backup.tar.gz"

if [ ! -f "$ENCRYPTED_ARCHIVE" ]; then
    echo "❌ 加密备份不存在: $ENCRYPTED_ARCHIVE"
    exit 1
fi

# 验证校验
if [ -f "$ENCRYPTED_ARCHIVE.sha256" ]; then
    echo "🔐 验证备份完整性..."
    if ! shasum -c "$ENCRYPTED_ARCHIVE.sha256"; then
        echo "❌ 校验失败！"
        exit 1
    fi
    echo "✓ 校验通过"
fi

mkdir -p "$RESTORE_TMP"

# 输入密码
if [ -z "${OPENCLAW_BACKUP_PASSWORD:-}" ]; then
    echo "请输入备份密码:"
    read -s BACKUP_PASSWORD
    echo ""
else
    BACKUP_PASSWORD="$OPENCLAW_BACKUP_PASSWORD"
fi

# 解密
echo "🔓 解密中..."
if ! openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -d -pbkdf2 -iter 100000 \
    -in "$ENCRYPTED_ARCHIVE" \
    -out "$DECRYPTED_ARCHIVE" \
    -pass pass:"$BACKUP_PASSWORD"; then
    echo "❌ 解密失败！密码错误或文件已损坏。"
    rm -rf "$RESTORE_TMP"
    exit 1
fi

echo "✓ 解密成功"

# 解压
echo "📦 解压备份..."
tar -xzf "$DECRYPTED_ARCHIVE" -C "$RESTORE_TMP"

echo "🐈‍⬛ 开始恢复..."

# 停止OpenClaw
if command -v openclaw >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "⏸  停止网关..."
    openclaw gateway stop 2>/dev/null || true
    sleep 2
fi

# 备份当前数据
if [ -d "$HOME/.openclaw" ]; then
    BACKUP_OLD="$HOME/.openclaw.backup.$(date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")"
    echo "💾 备份当前数据到: $BACKUP_OLD"
    mv "$HOME/.openclaw" "$BACKUP_OLD"
fi

# 恢复
if [ -d "$RESTORE_TMP/.openclaw" ]; then
    cp -a "$RESTORE_TMP/.openclaw" "$HOME/"
    echo "✓ 已恢复: ~/.openclaw"
fi

if [ -d "$RESTORE_TMP/.clawdbot" ]; then
    cp -a "$RESTORE_TMP/.clawdbot" "$HOME/"
    echo "✓ 已恢复: ~/.clawdbot"
fi

rm -rf "$RESTORE_TMP"

# 修复检查
if command -v openclaw >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "🔧 执行修复检查..."
    openclaw doctor || true
    echo "▶️  重启网关..."
    openclaw gateway restart || true
    sleep 3
    openclaw status || true
fi

echo ""
echo "✅ 恢复完成！"
echo ""
if [ -n "${BACKUP_OLD:-}" ]; then
    echo "旧数据已备份到: $BACKUP_OLD"
    echo "确认恢复成功后可删除: rm -rf $BACKUP_OLD"
fi

3. 恢复最新备份

位置：scripts/restore_latest.sh

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail

BACKUP_ROOT="${OPENCLAW_BACKUP_DIR:-$HOME/Desktop/OpenClaw_Backups}"

echo "🐈‍⬛ 恢复最新备份"
echo "备份目录: $BACKUP_ROOT"
echo ""

if [ ! -d "$BACKUP_ROOT" ]; then
    echo "❌ 备份目录不存在"
    exit 1
fi

cd "$BACKUP_ROOT"

# 查找最新备份（优先加密）
LATEST_ENCRYPTED=$(ls -t openclaw_backup_*.tar.gz.enc 2>/dev/null | head -1)
LATEST_PLAIN=$(ls -t openclaw_backup_*.tar.gz 2>/dev/null | grep -v ".enc" | head -1)

if [ -n "$LATEST_ENCRYPTED" ]; then
    echo "发现最新加密备份: $LATEST_ENCRYPTED"
    LATEST="$BACKUP_ROOT/$LATEST_ENCRYPTED"
    SCRIPT="restore_encrypted.sh"
elif [ -n "$LATEST_PLAIN" ]; then
    echo "发现最新备份: $LATEST_PLAIN"
    LATEST="$BACKUP_ROOT/$LATEST_PLAIN"
    SCRIPT="restore.sh"
else
    echo "❌ 未找到备份文件"
    exit 1
fi

echo ""
echo "确认恢复？[y/N]"
read -p "> " CONFIRM

if [ "$CONFIRM" != "y" ] && [ "$CONFIRM" != "Y" ]; then
    echo "取消恢复"
    exit 0
fi

SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
bash "$SCRIPT_DIR/$SCRIPT" "$LATEST"

4. 列出可恢复的备份

位置：scripts/list_restoreable.sh

#!/bin/bash
set -euo pipefail

BACKUP_ROOT="${OPENCLAW_BACKUP_DIR:-$HOME/Desktop/OpenClaw_Backups}"

echo "🐈‍⬛ 可恢复的备份列表"
echo "位置: $BACKUP_ROOT"
echo ""

if [ ! -d "$BACKUP_ROOT" ]; then
    echo "❌ 备份目录不存在"
    exit 1
fi

cd "$BACKUP_ROOT"

COUNT=0

ls -lt openclaw_backup_*.tar.gz* 2>/dev/null | grep -v ".sha256" | while read -r line; do
    COUNT=$((COUNT + 1))
    SIZE=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $5}')
    DATE=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $6, $7, $8}')
    FILE=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $9}')
    
    if [[ "$FILE" == *.enc ]]; then
        TYPE="🔐 加密"
        RESTORE_CMD="bash ~/.openclaw/skills/openclaw-restore/scripts/restore_encrypted.sh \"$BACKUP_ROOT/$FILE\""
    else
        TYPE="📂 普通"
        RESTORE_CMD="bash ~/.openclaw/skills/openclaw-restore/scripts/restore.sh \"$BACKUP_ROOT/$FILE\""
    fi
    
    echo "[$COUNT] $FILE"
    echo "    类型: $TYPE | 大小: $SIZE | 日期: $DATE"
    echo "    恢复: $RESTORE_CMD"
    echo ""
done

echo "快速恢复最新备份："
echo "  bash ~/.openclaw/skills/openclaw-restore/scripts/restore_latest.sh"

使用方法

方式1：直接调用脚本

# 恢复普通备份
bash ~/.openclaw/skills/openclaw-restore/scripts/restore.sh \
  ~/Desktop/OpenClaw_Backups/openclaw_backup_2026-03-13_20-00-00.tar.gz

# 恢复加密备份
bash ~/.openclaw/skills/openclaw-restore/scripts/restore_encrypted.sh \
  ~/Desktop/OpenClaw_Backups/openclaw_backup_2026-03-13_20-00-00.tar.gz.enc

# 恢复最新备份
bash ~/.openclaw/skills/openclaw-restore/scripts/restore_latest.sh

# 列出可恢复备份
bash ~/.openclaw/skills/openclaw-restore/scripts/list_restoreable.sh

方式2：通过 OpenClaw 调用

当用户说：

• "恢复 OpenClaw" → 执行 restore_latest.sh
• "列出备份" → 执行 list_restoreable.sh
• "恢复这个备份 [文件路径]" → 执行对应 restore 脚本

恢复后检查清单

✅ 必检项目

1. 网关状态

   openclaw status
   

2. 配置验证

   openclaw doctor
   

3. 记忆文件

   cat ~/.openclaw/workspace/MEMORY.md
   

4. 渠道登录

   • Telegram Bot 是否在线
   • WeChat 是否需要重新扫码

5. API 配置

   cat ~/.openclaw/config.yaml | grep -A5 "model:"
   

灾难恢复流程

场景：macOS 完全重装

第1步：安装 OpenClaw

# 安装 Node.js
brew install node

# 安装 OpenClaw
npm install -g openclaw

第2步：恢复备份

# 从云盘/移动硬盘拷贝备份文件
cp /Volumes/External/openclaw_backup_*.tar.gz.enc ~/Desktop/

# 恢复
bash ~/.openclaw/skills/openclaw-restore/scripts/restore_encrypted.sh \
  ~/Desktop/openclaw_backup_2026-03-13_20-00-00.tar.gz.enc

第3步：验证

openclaw doctor
openclaw gateway restart
openclaw status

故障排查

问题1：解密失败

症状：bad decrypt

原因：密码错误或文件损坏

解决：

1. 确认密码正确
2. 验证备份完整性：shasum -c backup.tar.gz.enc.sha256
3. 尝试恢复更早的备份

问题2：恢复后网关无法启动

症状：openclaw gateway start 失败

解决：

# 检查配置
openclaw doctor

# 查看日志
tail -f ~/.openclaw/logs/gateway.log

# 重置配置（谨慎）
mv ~/.openclaw/config.yaml ~/.openclaw/config.yaml.broken
openclaw gateway start

问题3：权限问题

症状：Permission denied

解决：

# 修复权限
chmod -R 755 ~/.openclaw
chmod 600 ~/.openclaw/config.yaml

最佳实践

1. 恢复前备份当前数据

脚本会自动备份到 ~/.openclaw.backup.YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS

2. 验证备份完整性

恢复前务必检查 SHA256：

shasum -c backup.tar.gz.sha256

3. 小范围测试

可以先恢复到临时位置测试：

tar -xzf backup.tar.gz -C /tmp/test_restore

4. 渠道重新登录

某些渠道（如 WeChat）可能需要重新扫码登录

参考

• OpenClaw 官方文档
• 灾难恢复指南