Lightpanda / 轻量级无头浏览器

简介 / Introduction

Lightpanda 是用 Zig 编写的轻量级无头浏览器，非 Chromium 分支。

性能对比：

安装 / Installation

# Linux
curl -L -o lightpanda https://github.com/lightpanda-io/browser/releases/download/nightly/lightpanda-x86_64-linux && \
chmod a+x ./lightpanda

# macOS
curl -L -o lightpanda https://github.com/lightpanda-io/browser/releases/download/nightly/lightpanda-aarch64-macos && \
chmod a+x ./lightpanda

使用方法 / Usage

基本命令 / Basic Commands

# 查看版本
./lightpanda version

# 抓取网页为 HTML
./lightpanda fetch --obey-robots --dump html --log-format pretty --log-level info \x3CURL>

# 抓取网页为 Markdown（推荐）
./lightpanda fetch --obey-robots --dump markdown --log-format pretty --log-level info \x3CURL>

# 等待加载后再抓取
./lightpanda fetch --obey-robots --dump markdown --wait-ms 3000 \x3CURL>

# 等待特定元素
./lightpanda fetch --obey-robots --dump markdown --wait-selector ".content" \x3CURL>

Python 调用 / Python Integration

import subprocess
import re

def fetch_url(url, format="markdown", wait_ms=2000):
    """使用 Lightpanda 抓取网页"""
    output_format = "markdown" if format == "markdown" else "html"
    cmd = [
        "./lightpanda", "fetch",
        "--obey-robots",
        "--dump", output_format,
        "--wait-ms", str(wait_ms),
        "--log-format", "pretty",
        url
    ]
    result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)
    return result.stdout

# 使用示例
content = fetch_url("https://example.com", "markdown")
print(content)

适用场景 / Use Cases

注意事项 / Notes

• 无需 Chrome：独立二进制，不依赖系统浏览器
• CDP 协议：支持 Puppeteer/Playwright 连接（高级用法）
• 遵守 robots.txt：默认 --obey-robots
• 输出格式：推荐使用 --dump markdown 便于后续处理

Docker 部署 / Docker Deployment

docker run -d --name lightpanda -p 127.0.0.1:9222:9222 lightpanda/browser:nightly

示例 / Examples

抓取网页并保存

./lightpanda fetch --obey-robots --dump markdown --log-format pretty --log-level info https://news.ycombinator.com > output.md

批量抓取

import subprocess
import time

urls = [
    "https://example.com/page1",
    "https://example.com/page2",
    "https://example.com/page3"
]

for url in urls:
    print(f"Fetching: {url}")
    result = subprocess.run(
        ["./lightpanda", "fetch", "--obey-robots", "--dump", "markdown", "--wait-ms", "2000", url],
        capture_output=True,
        text=True
    )
    # 处理 result.stdout
    time.sleep(1)  # 礼貌性延迟

与 LangChain/文档处理结合

import subprocess

def scrape_for_rag(url):
    """抓取网页用于 RAG 处理"""
    result = subprocess.run(
        ["./lightpanda", "fetch", "--obey-robots", "--dump", "markdown", "--wait-ms", "3000", url],
        capture_output=True,
        text=True
    )
    return result.stdout